Rewrite paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rewrite paper - Essay Example The potential impacts of the project are highly economic in nature, standing to benefit Richland County, the region, and the state at large. The Richland County, the region, and the state at large will realize increased employment opportunities due to job creation that will be triggered by the Hillside Energy project. The project is expected to last for 42 months, a period within which construction and operation jobs will pique. The prospects reported above are primarily based on the Hillside One project. As earlier mentioned, Ziegler Energy, Inc. plans to construct and operate three Hillside Energy Projects. The impacts outlined in this report relate to Hillside One only. The two other energy projects target two other different cities in the Richland County. Successful development of Hillside Two and Three will result in greater potential impacts in the County and in the state. This family-friendly lodging facility acknowledges the importance of pets to their owners, especially guests in the facility. It also acknowledges that not every guest owns a pet. In this respect, it allows its guests to have pets within the premises, but under certain terms and conditions. This follows the concern that there are guests who prefer to have their vacations accompanied by their pets or in an environment where other guests have pets. On the other hand, the lodging facility does not dispute the opposite. There are guests who do not own pets, and neither do they want to spend their vacation accompanied by pets or in an environment where other guests have pets. The facility allows pets into the premises, but takes the concerns of both sides into

Criminal Law - newspaper articles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Law - newspaper articles - Assignment Example The overall purpose is to reach a conclusion on the accuracy of press reports that touch on legal matters while pointing out various reasons for inaccuracies that occur. Under the UK rules, fraud by false representation refers to a situation where a person makes a false representation either by intent or being dishonest in the process for personal gains. A representation is defined as being false if the person making it knows that it is true and misleading. In other case, fraud may be by a person failing to disclose information by intent through dishonest means for personal gains. The other part is fraud by abuse of position in which the person involved misuses his position for his personal gain. In the article, James Stevenson has pleaded guilty of an account of fraud in the IT firm where he worked by adding nectar points to his card which he later used to purchase things and access services. The judge also refers to him as having used his office to represent himself falsely. In the case that is presented in the article, James Stevens is guilty of one account of fraud namely fraud by abuse of position. Stevens used his position where he had access to all the activities that involve the use of cards, which was run by a third party, to benefit from services that were being offered by use of the card. This is evidenced by the amount of items that he purchased using the card despite his denial of the figures that have been presented in court. The reporting was not accurately done because in the article, an impression is created that Stevens was sent to jail because of having just added the amount of nectar points to his card. This scenario points out the inaccuracies in the reporting of legal affairs. PC Jamie Hillman who stole over  £70,000 from banks in loans to fund an extra marital affair walked out of court freely as the judge declared him of being emotionally fragile. The Bristol court

Health Organization Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Organization Case Study - Essay Example In the year 2011, UnitedHealth Group Incorporated showed total net earnings of $5.142 billion. UnitedHealth Group is the holding company of the UnitedHealthcare, and is the largest and chief health carrier all over the United States of America. The company was formed in the year 1977 and was initially called the United HealthCare Corporation. The name was changed again in the year 1998, but even the new name has its origin based in a firm that the UnitedHealth Group acquired back in the year 1977 which was called the Charter Med Incorporated and was formed in the year 1974. It was in 1979, that the UnitedHealth introduced their first network-based health plan targeting the seniors citizens in America the company became a publicly traded one in 1984. UnitedHealthcare was very recently given the highest rating in the area of employer satisfaction for all self-insured health plan companies by J.D. Power and Associates. The company also received top ratings in 2011 from the American Medi cal Association (AMA) in the National Health Insurance Report Card published by the AMA. This fourth annual report card published by the American Medical Association assessed seven different national health insurance companies on the criterion of both timeliness as well as the accuracy of their claims basing their evaluation on different metrics like the assortment of payment made to the companies, and some process metrics. UnitedHealthcare also moved to the top spot amongst all of its industry peers on the two metrics: concerning Contracted Fee Schedule Match Rate and Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) Accuracy. Contracted Fee Schedule Match Rate basically is an indicator of how often the insurer's claim payment tallies the fee schedule put down in the initial contract. Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) Accuracy is the measure of the rate at which the amount allowed by the insurer actually equals to the expected allowed payment of the physician’s services. In a more recent publication of the health insurance industry called the ‘Business Insurance’, UnitedHealthcare was called the "readers choice" winner for the year 2010 in the category of "Best health plan provider". In contrast to all these ratings, UnitedHealthcare was given a 65% unfavorable rating by a group of hospital executives who had on several occasions dealt with UnitedHealthcare on previous occasions. Though this number is quite good and up by about 33% from the rating in 2010, UnitedHealthcare still is at the bottom of all the companied included in the list. As already mentioned, UnitedHealthcare is a recognized leader in the health insurance claim business and it strives to constantly improve on the quality of the services they are offering to their customers and the overall effectiveness of the notion of healthcare for every American citizen. They want to enhance every individuals reach to health perks and benefits offered by the health insurance companies like theirs. Th ey are striving to constantly create new and innovative health products and services that will make the entire concept of healthcare more affordable to American citizens. They also tend to use technology to make the entire health care system easier to manage and navigate around. The different subsidiaries of the company are constantly coming up with a line up for innovative services and products for an approximate 70 million of its

Aristotle and Virtue Essay Example for Free

Aristotle and Virtue Essay Aristotle believes that we need virtue, both of thought and of character, to achieve that completeness leading to happiness. This is the function: activity in the soul in accord with virtue, where soul is defined as what is in us that carries out our characteristic activity. Aristotle is right in believing we need virtue. The end of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics Book I introduces the idea that since happiness is â€Å"a certain sort of activity of the soul in accord with complete virtue, we must examine virtue,† because doing so will allow us to closer analyze and understand how to study happiness. He goes on to identify two areas: virtues of thought and virtues of character. I believe the philosopher is right when he thinks that a good life requires harnessing both kinds of virtues. Virtues of thought are simpler to identify, as they include excellence in problem solving skills, abstract and rational thought, mathematics and the like. Virtues of character, which are also called ‘moral virtues’, seem to be more complex and are also an integral part of the completeness that Aristotle said was necessary for a good life. Some examples of these virtues are generosity and patience. Virtues of character are definitely good for the possessor as Aristotle states in chapter 6, â€Å"having these feelings at the right times, about the right things, toward the right people, for the right end, and in the right way, is the intermediate and best condition, and this is the proper virtue. † Finding that mean or middle ground, that balance or yin and yang, is essential to establishing a completeness which ultimately lead to happiness. One problem may be actually the path to virtue. The idea of pleasure without pain is not realistic in the mortal world. Everything on this plane is relative. Take, for example, two dogs: Dog A lives on the street and has all of his life. He has to find himself food everyday in alleys and has to deal with the weather. This life is good to him because it is his world and he does not know any better. As far as Dog A is concerned, he is in ‘heaven’. Dog B lives in a mansion with air conditioning and gourmet steaks that are given to him on a regular basis. This is all Dog B knows and he is not aware of anything else out there better than this (even though it surely exists), so this dog is in heaven also. Imagine their own individual and relative differences if they were to switch places. Dog A would go to a mansion atmosphere and the comfort of his life would dramatically improve, while Dog B’s life would be hell all of a sudden. This relation of pleasure to pain and how it is all relative makes one take a step back and look at the bigger picture. Nelson, W. Philosophy 1305 Proteus Classics Readings. Thomson Custom Publishing, Mason. pgs 81-122.

Use of Stem Cells on Ageing Prevention

Use of Stem Cells on Ageing Prevention ELA KING Abstract This scientific report will look at stem cells and their abilities to prevent ageing. My[DS1] research was mostly qualitative, secondary research which didnt cost any money to conduct. I have discovered through writing this report that in the future it may be possible to achieve biological immortality with the aid of stem cells, either by altering the genes of human stem cells or by using other biologically immortal organisms stem cell information. However stem cell research is controversial and it will be many years before stem cell research will have developed to the point that biological immortality will be feasible. Introduction Ageing can be described in many ways. It is often used to refer to a passage in time in which someone gets older. Ageing in humans can be judged on the number of years lived and on appearance both external and internal such as grey hair and organs no longer working the way they are supposed to. This is because ageing leads to a decline in the regenerative abilities of all the tissues and organs in the body. [Kirkwood T.B, 2005]. This is connected to a decline in stem cell function. Why would we want to prevent or reverse ageing? Whilst a person cannot simply die of old age, as a person gets older there are more chances of genetic mutations and damage from the environment which can lead to a person being more likely to get a disease or condition. When a person ages, their cells can no longer defend themselves against diseases as well as they could when the person was younger. This means that as a person ages, they become more vulnerable to injuries and diseases [Radford B, 2012]. If it was made possible to prevent ageing, this would mean that the average life span would increase dramatically and it may be possible for humans to become biologically immortal. What is biological immortality? Biological immortality is the idea that whilst you are able to die (by disease or other means), you do not age. This would mean that a person with biological immortality would no longer experience loss of physiological function. This would allow people to stay relatively healthy whilst also not looking as though they were ageing [ Despain D, 2010]. There are many ways in which people believe biological immortality can be achieved, either through lifestyle changes or genetic changes. One particular way focuses on stem cells. What are stem cells? Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which are able to become other cells. Stem cells are also able to self-renew. There are two main types of stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are found in human blastocyts which are newly fertilised eggs (three-five days old) which are created by IVF. These stem cells are used in various therapies and tests and can be grown into any organ in the body[DS2]. The other main types of stem cells are Adult stem cells, also known as Tissue-specific stem cells. These stem cells generate the same type of cell of the organ or tissue that it lives on. However, adult stem cells dont self-renew as easily as embryonic stem cells. Adult stem cells can be studied to show a lot about the process of ageing. [closerlookatstemcells.org , 2015] Adult stem cells are essential for the maintenance of organs and tissues of mammals during their lives. With age, this maintenance is decreased due to the deterioration of co-ordination from molecular signalling. This leads to organs and tissues not being rejuvenated as quickly or as well in an older mammal than that of a younger one [Silva H. and Conboy I.M, 2008]. This means that overtime organs and tissues would become weaker and more susceptible to failure. If an animals stem cells were to remain fully functioning for a longer period of time, this would increase the time before organs and tissues begin to lose functionality and if the stem cells were able to be fully functional forever, then an animal would achieve biological immortality. How can stem cells be used to achieve biological immortality? Organisms such as the Hydra (Hydra oligactis), an animal related to the jellyfish, have achieved biological immortality. Whilst its unknown exactly how long the Hydra lives, a Hydra which was kept in captivity for 4 years remained unchanged which is remarkable for a creature of its size (15mm). The Hydras biological immortality can be attributed to its stem cells which are able to renew and regrow parts of the Hydras body. Using 3 different types of stem cell populations, the Hydra is able to fully create clones of itself. Scientists found that the 3 types of stem cells all contained the same gene, the FoxO (a protein thought to be anti-ageing) and when this gene is removed the Hydra ages [Barras C, 2015]. If scientists were able to isolate this gene and place it into the DNA of another organism, theoretically another non-ageing organism would have been created. However, trying this with humans is likely to be a long way off as many people believe it would be unethical to conduct thi s sort of experiment on a human[DS3]. Other animals are also able to rejuvenate themselves using stem cells. Limbs and complex organs such as eyes and kidneys are able to be re-grown once lost or damaged. These animals such as frogs and fish either use pluripotent cells (stem cells able to differentiate into different cell types eg. Embryonic stem cells) to regenerate the whole limb or different types of stem cells to regenerate the different types of tissue like humans. So whilst humans use different types of stem cells for the maintenance of different tissues, humans arent able to rejuvenate their tissues to this level. This could be because humans are mammals and therefore lack the ability to direct stem cells to different parts of the body like certain amphibians. Future research will show why humans are lack this capability [Tanaka E, 2015]. Another possible method of using stem cells to achieve biological immortality would be to alter genes in order for more microRNAs to be produced. MicroRNAs are snippets of genetic material which can be linked to growth regulation in cells. MicroMRNAs keep cells dividing as they prevent stop signals that stop cells from dividing. Using microMRNAs, ageing stem cells could be made to keep dividing for a longer period of time therefore meaning that the stem cells would be able to maintain organs and tissues for longer. However, microRNAs have also been linked to the development of cancer when produced in abundance. Therefore, finding the right amount of microRNAs to boost ageing stem cells whilst also making sure that cancer growth and tumours arent created at the same time is essential. Scientists also have to identify which, out of the 200+ human microMRNAs, is responsible for keeping stem cells dividing [Boyle A, 2005]. There has been further research into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. A gene has been discovered called Nanog in the embryonic stem cells which allowed it to remain youthful. This would allow for later research to be done in order to give adult stem cells the pluripotent properties of ESCs which would eliminate the need to harvest embryonic stem cells from blastocyts for medical treatments [Bhattacharya S, 2003]. Adult stem cells would become induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. This would now be able to rejuvenate other somatic cells (any cell making up an organism other than gametes and undifferentiated cells). The iPS cells would be able to create new somatic cells for an indefinite period of time. This would mean that cells lifespan would be able to be increased [West M.D, 2013]. Currently, stem cells are used in various rejuvenation therapies from degenerative and debilitating conditions to cosmetic and dermatological therapies. Stem cell transplants are also used to treat some forms of cancer such a leukaemia and lymphoma. The stem cells are adult stem cells which are either collected from the patient themselves or are donor stem cells. These stem cells are collected and transplanted in order to replace the stem cells killed in other cancer treatments [stem cell transplants, cancerresearchuk.org]. Some other stem cell therapies use donor placentas from healthy young mothers. Stem cell therapies are still not risk free, even when using the patients own stem cells, complications can arise. Whilst stem cells arent yet used to create organs for organ transplants, progress is being made in creating organs from scratch purely using stem cells. Working organs have been created, however it will be at least another 10 years of research and millions of pounds invested before the process is deemed fit to use on human patients [The Guardian, 2014]. What ethical concerns surround stem cell research? Stem cell research is opposed by a lot of people. The majority of those people are religious who believe that life starts at conception. This would mean that using blastocyts created through IVF for medical research would be equivalent to testing on living humans. Those who agree with stem cell research do not believe that life starts at conception and/or believe that the benefits of stem cell research and its future of curing various conditions outweigh the risks and harm[DS4]. Conclusion Stem cell research leads to an exciting future where current debilitating conditions will be able to be cured, ageing will be prevented and more will be discovered about how stem cells work and the many ways they can be harnessed to improve humans quality of life. In the future this could lead to life spans dramatically increasing, but is that necessarily a good thing? This could lead to various issues such as overpopulation and other social changes, such as a change in the age of retirement [Emanuel P, 2005]. Will stem cell research continue after we have found the key to biological immortality? Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dekkel Simmons and Andre Mostert for supporting me during the process of writing this scientific report. References Barras C. (2015) The animals and plants that can live forever. Bbc.co.uk Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150622-can-anything-live-forever Accessed 29/8/16 Bhattacharya S. (2003) Stem cell immortality gene found. Newscientist.com Available at: https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn3786-stem-cell-immortality-gene-found Accessed 29/8/16 Boyle A. (2005) Scientists find key to stem cell immortality. Nbcnews.com Available at: http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8135713/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/scientists-find-key-stem-cell-immortality/#.V8QLCo-cHIU Accessed 29/8/16 Despain, D (2010). How to achieve biological immortality naturally. Kuezweilai.net Available at: http://www.kurzweilai.net/how-to-achieve-biological-immortality-naturally Accessed 27/8/16 Emanuel P. (2005) Can stem cell research make us immortal? Quora.com Available at: https://www.quora.com/Can-stem-cell-research-make-us-immortal Accessed 29/8/16 Kirkwood, T.B (2005). Understanding the odd science of aging. Cell. Available at: http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(05)00101-7 Accessed 27/8/16 Radford, B (2012). Do People Really Die Of Old Age? Livescience.com Available at: http://www.livescience.com/32241-do-people-really-die-of-old-age.html Accessed 27/8/16 Silva H. and Conboy I.M. (2008) Aging and stem cell renewal. Stembook.org Available at: http://www.stembook.org/node/459.html Accessed 27/8/16 Stem cell transplants. Cancerresearchuk.org Available at: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/treatment/transplant/stem-cell-transplants Accessed 29/8/16 Tanaka E. (2015) Regeneration: what does it mean and how does it work? Eurostemcell.org Available at: http://www.eurostemcell.org/factsheet/regeneration-what-does-it-mean-and-how-does-it-work Accessed 29/8/16 The Guardian (2014) Scientists hail creation of working organ made from laboratory cells. Thegaurdian.com Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/aug/24/lab-grown-cells-create-functioning-organ Accessed 29/8/16 Types of stem cells. Closerlookatstemcells.org Available at: http://www.closerlookatstemcells.org/learn-about-stem-cells/types-of-stem-cells Accessed 27/8/16 West M.D. (2013) How engineered stem cells may enable youthful immortality. Lifextension.com Available at: http://www.lifeextension.com/Magazine/2013/2/otc/Page-02 Accessed 29/8/16[DS5]     Ã‚  

Abortion Should Not be Permitted Essay -- Argumentative Essay, Pro-life

â€Å"More than 95 per cent of all abortions are performed purely for convenience†¦ 20 per cent are for genetic reason, and the other 75 per cent are purely elective† (Deem 2). Many people hear debates about abortion and ignore it, thinking that it definitely doesn’t apply to them. Well, it does. Thousands of babies are being killed every day, and people need to take action. If we continue to allow this monstrosity to happen, imagine what could come up in the future. Before we continue, let me define some vital terms (proceed to view powerpoint or note-board; define â€Å"Viability† â€Å"Roe v. Wade† â€Å"D&X†). Since so many babies are being killed needlessly, I strongly believe that the court ruling in Roe v. Wade should be limited and enforced with fines, so that it only protects necessary abortions for women in danger. Every year, almost 150,000 women in the US alone have abortions past the first trimester, meaning that every year, abortion does not just remove so-called â€Å"non-viable† tissues, but murders 150,000 viable babies. This also happens almost everywhere around the world, most prominently in places like China and India where having a son is not just a desire but a need. This problem runs so deep in the arguments of our country and others, that unethical medical procedures, such as D&X, are being ignored. This problem runs so deep that the issue lies in mere definitions- what is the definition of â€Å"viable†? When is a baby technically â€Å"viable†? What is D&X? Where does it say that D&X is unlawful? And if it is, why aren’t people stopping it from happening? And so on. Our founding fathers intended for America to be a country of freedom, a country of the people’s choice. Many proponents of pro-choice promulgate that women should be given... ...ers to your representative, mayor, governor, other city official. The more letters they receive, the more they will listen to our voices. We should make abortion a necessity rather than a convenience by enforcing abortion laws, creating new ones, and creating standard definitions. Thousands of women each year get abortions because they do not believe they can- they don’t believe they can support their child, they don’t believe they can raise them successfully, they don’t think they can be a good parent, they don’t think they can send them off to college, they don’t think they can give their child a good life, some don’t think they have the ability to raise a mentally disabled child- many just don’t think they can. If we can make abortion a necessity rather than a convenience, I believe that we will be able to help future mothers make the right decision.

The Effects of Cloning on the Actual Clone Essay -- Biology Medical Bi

The Effects of Cloning on the Actual Clone Abstract An examination of the side-effects of cloning from the actual clone?s point of view. Focusing on the female cloned sheep Dolly (1995-2001) and her development under the unusual conditions in which she was raised that resulted in a premature euthenization. Not only is the process of conception brought into consideration, but also the living conditions and interactions between Dolly and other creatures is detailed. The resulting behavioral development of the sheep is then weighed and the death of Dolly attributed to not the cloning process, but the propaganda and attention given the actual sheep. The controversy surrounding the issue and ethics of cloning, centered on the large animal side, is also addressed here. Contributing factors as to why clones are not the exact carbon copies of their ancestors, as is expected, are also listed. Technical jargon is elaborated upon. _____________________________________________________ With all the controversy over the ethics of cloning, the focus of all the articles has been on ?playing God? and how it changes the meaning of life. The train of thought has been that animal cloning will lead to human cloning, and that human cloning is unethical and maybe even dangerous if the practice becomes common. But the common civilian doesn?t stop to think about the effects of cloning on the actual clone. No, most non-scientifically oriented people simply know some of the ethical arguments for or against cloning. Such points including that tampering with natural selection is wrong, or that cloned livestock would benefit the economy. Of course, the media most commonly focuses on the bad news and then the propaganda about cloning issues surfaces. Tak... ...cloned sheep that would be consumable by humans. (NISE 19997) This study is still being continued at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, and now Dolly has two younger cloned siblings that are contributing to the research along these lines. From the Clone?s Perspective 5 Many other animals such as lab mice have been successfully cloned as well. However, domestic animals like dogs and cats have not been produced through the cloning process. Rats as well have so far been a failing experiment. (Pence, 2004) From the Clone?s Perspective 6 References NISE. (1997 March). Hello Dolly. Scottish Sheep Shocker. 7-28-05: http://whyfiles.org/034clone/ Pence, G. (2004) Cloning After Dolly: Who?s still afraid? Lanham Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. Roslin Institute. (1998 April). Progress AD (After Dolly). 7-28-05: http://www.roslin.ac.uk/public/cloning.html